Volcanic Eruption Safety and Preparedness

Volcanic eruptions are characterized by:

• Various hazards including ash falls, lava flows, pyroclastic flows, lahars (mudflows), and volcanic gases
• Warning signs such as increased seismic activity, ground deformation, gas emissions, and changes in water temperature or chemistry
• Different eruption types ranging from gentle lava flows to explosive eruptions
• Ash clouds that can travel hundreds of kilometers and affect air quality, visibility, and transportation
• Long-term impacts on climate, agriculture, infrastructure, and public health

The Philippines has over 24 active volcanoes, including Mayon, Taal, and Pinatubo, which have all had significant eruptions in recent history.

Understanding Your Risk

• Know if you live in a volcanic hazard zone
• Learn about the volcanic alert level system used by PHIVOLCS
• Familiarize yourself with evacuation routes and designated safe zones
• Stay informed about activity at nearby volcanoes through PHIVOLCS bulletins
• Learn to recognize warning signs like earthquakes, ground deformation, and unusual smells
• Understand specific hazards for your area (lahars, ash fall, pyroclastic flows)

Home Safety

• Check roof strength to handle ash accumulation
• Clean gutters and downspouts
• Cover windows and seal large gaps
• Install filtration systems for ventilation
• Set up water storage containers

Emergency Supplies

• N95 masks or respirators
• Goggles and eye protection
• Bottled water (1 gallon per person per day)
• Non-perishable food
• First aid kit
• Flashlights and batteries
• Battery-powered radio
• Plastic sheeting and duct tape

Emergency Plan

• Know evacuation routes
• Establish family meeting points
• Emergency contact list
• Sign up for alert systems
• Gather important documents
• Keep vehicle fueled and ready

Reset Checklist

If you need to evacuate:

• Follow evacuation orders immediately
• Take your emergency kit and go bag
• Wear long-sleeved shirts, long pants, and sturdy shoes
• Use N95 masks and goggles to protect from ash
• Follow designated evacuation routes
• Avoid areas downwind from the volcano
• Avoid river valleys and low-lying areas where lahars may occur
• Listen to emergency radio broadcasts

If sheltering in place:

• Close all windows, doors, and dampers
• Place damp towels at door thresholds and other draft sources
• Cover and protect electronics
• Stay indoors as much as possible
• Wear a dust mask if you must go outside
• Clear ash from roofs if accumulation becomes heavy and it's safe to do so
• Do not drive unless absolutely necessary

Specific Hazard Responses:

• Ash fall: Wear dust masks and eye protection, stay indoors, seal windows and doors
• Pyroclastic flows: Evacuate immediately if in a danger zone, these cannot be outrun
• Lahars (volcanic mudflows): Move to higher ground, avoid river valleys and low-lying areas
• Volcanic gases: Move upwind from gas sources, seek medical attention if exposed
• Lava flows: Evacuate areas in the path of lava, these are generally slow enough to evacuate from

• Return home only when authorities declare it safe
• Be aware of potential secondary hazards:
  • Lahars and flooding (can occur months after eruption)
  • Structural damage to buildings
  • Contaminated water supplies
  • Continued ash fall or gas emissions
• When cleaning up ash:
  • Wear N95 masks, goggles, and protective clothing
  • Lightly moisten ash before cleaning to prevent it from becoming airborne
  • Do not use leaf blowers or regular vacuum cleaners
  • Clear roofs carefully (ash is heavy and slippery)
  • Dispose of ash according to local guidelines
• Check water quality before using (ash can contaminate water supplies)
• Inspect your home for damage, especially to the roof
• Watch for signs of respiratory problems and seek medical attention if needed
• Clean air conditioning filters before use
• Keep animals indoors if possible and provide clean water and food